From 1933-1936, ethnographic expeditions were organized in the regions inhabited by Jews to assemble the museum's rich collection of more than 140,000 exhibits. As a result, national costumes, religious or ritual items, accessories, and photos were collected.
The museum preserves paintings and graphic works created explicitly for this museum. One family donated their old cradle to the museum, a symbolic gift representing the lifestyle of the Georgian Jews in Mtskheta since the 6th century BC.
Other rare artifacts such as a rabbi's ring and a circumcision knife are also on display. The museum displays paintings of the world-renowned, avant-garde Jewish artist, Solomon Gershov.